vgikВестник ВГИКVestnik VGIK2074-08322713-2471ВГИКvgik-805Research ArticleТЕЛЕВИДЕНИЕ ЦИФРОВАЯ СРЕДАTELEVISION DIGITAL ENVIRONMENTНаука об истории медиа: подходы и концепцииThe Science of the History of Media: Approaches and ConceptsБакулевГеннадий ПетровичBakulevGennady Pgenbakulev@gmail.comВсероссийский государственный институт кинематографии им. С.А. ГерасимоваRussian Federation201809042024101(35)134140Copyright © Бакулев Г.П., 20242024Бакулев Г.П.Bakulev G.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vestnik-vgik.com/jour/article/view/805

В статье рассматривается проблема изучения медиа в исторической перспективе, обосновывается необходимость использования междисциплинарного подхода при изучении средств массовой коммуникации, включающего, помимо прочего, эволюцию, историю, антропологию и археологию медиа. Существует немало версий истории развития медиа, описываемых в самых разных форматах и контекстах, - от перечисления имен изобретателей и названий технических устройств до описания экономических, культурных и социальных практик, но в каждой содержатся предположения, высказываются аргументы в пользу значимости медиа для общения людей, анализируются причины исторических изменений. Также рассматривается интерпретация термина «медиаистория», предложенного одним из авторитетных специалистов в этой области, профессором Лизой Джителман.

The article considers the problem of media studies in historical perspective. It is argued that the interdisciplinary approach includes media evolution, history and archeology among others. There exists a variety of versions of media history, in which the media development is described in different formats and contexts - from dropping names of the inventors and devices up to analysis of economic, social and cultural practices, but in each case the significance of media in human communication is emphasized. Speaking about the content of media it is necessary to take into consideration the channels of its distribution. Lisa Gitelman’s treatment of media history is presented in detail. She argues that media history should be comprised of separate cases - studies of specific media developments in a definite context - both local and temporal. Gitelman puts forward the idea to treat communication as a cultural practice and media history and media as unique and complex historical objects, socially significant communication structures including technological forms and corresponding protocols. If the term “history” is understood as something that happened in the past, then media is historical on different levels. First, media themselves originate from the past. Even the newest of the new media have their sources - from a social demand to a drawing board. Moreover, media are historical because they remind us of the past: people not only regularly confront the past by means of media representations - in books, films, etc., but also media use itself implicitly includes the contact with the past which produced this representation. If media are regarded as sites for forming meanings, in their analysis it is necessary to consider, to what degree meaning and their perception are defined or limited by technological specifications, how they are influenced by culture industry, combined interests of studios, publishers, Internet providers and a growing number of multinational conglomerates. Unlike static rigid and unchanging technology every new communication medium in its evolution undergoes a string of innovations, replacements and obsolescence.

медиасредства коммуникациимассмедиамедиаисториямедиаэволюциямедиа-археологияmediacommunication mediamass mediamedia historymedia evolutionmedia archeologyReferencesБакулев Г.П. Моделирование эволюции медиа // Вестник ВГИК, № 3 (25), 2015. С. 146-154Бакулев Г.П. Моделирование эволюции медиа // Вестник ВГИК, № 3 (25), 2015. С. 146-154Бакулев Г.П. Моделирование эволюции медиа: проекция развития // Вестник ВГИК, № 4 (26), 2015. - С. 151-159.Бакулев Г.П. Моделирование эволюции медиа: проекция развития // Вестник ВГИК, № 4 (26), 2015. - С. 151-159.Park, D.W. Jankowski N.W., & Jones S. (Eds.). The long history of new media: Technology, historiography, and contextualizing Newness. New York, NY: Peter Lang, 2011. - P. XII.Park, D.W. Jankowski N.W., & Jones S. (Eds.). The long history of new media: Technology, historiography, and contextualizing Newness. New York, NY: Peter Lang, 2011. - P. XII.Huhtamo E. & Parikka J. Introduction: An archaeology of media archaeology. In E. Huhtamo & J. Parikka (Eds.), Media archaeology: Approaches, applications, and implications (p. 1-26). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2011. - P. 3.Huhtamo E. & Parikka J. Introduction: An archaeology of media archaeology. In E. Huhtamo & J. Parikka (Eds.), Media archaeology: Approaches, applications, and implications (p. 1-26). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2011. - P. 3.Gitelman, L. & Pingree G. (Ed.). New media, 1740-1915. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2003. - P.XI.Gitelman, L. & Pingree G. (Ed.). New media, 1740-1915. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2003. - P.XI.Scolari C.A. Media Evolution: Emergence, Dominance, Survival, and Extinction in the Media Ecology. International Journal of Communication, 7, 2013. - P.1420.Scolari C.A. Media Evolution: Emergence, Dominance, Survival, and Extinction in the Media Ecology. International Journal of Communication, 7, 2013. - P.1420.Gitelman L. Always already new: media, history and the data of culture. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2006. - P. 4, 5, 6, 11.Gitelman L. Always already new: media, history and the data of culture. Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2006. - P. 4, 5, 6, 11.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.