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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vgik</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник ВГИК</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik VGIK</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2074-0832</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2471</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ВГИК</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vgik-803</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИРОВОЙ КИНОПРОЦЕСС АНАЛИЗ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>WORLD CINEMA ANALYSIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К истории создания первой звуковой анимации. Песенные серии братьев Флейшеров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Origins of the First Sound Animation: Songs Series by the Fleischer Brothers</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривуля</surname><given-names>Наталья Геннадьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krivulya</surname><given-names>Natalia G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1(35)</issue><fpage>119</fpage><lpage>131</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кривуля Н.Г., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кривуля Н.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Krivulya N.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vestnik-vgik.com/jour/article/view/803">https://www.vestnik-vgik.com/jour/article/view/803</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена истории освоения звука в анимации, созданию первых звуковых фильмов. В ней анализируются ранние эксперименты по синхронизации звука и изображения на примере фильмов братьев Флейшеров, снимавшихся с использованием системы ««Фонофильм» Ли де Фореста. Рассматриваются принципы организации экранной структуры в фильмах жанра ««Пой вместе с нами», выявляются основные их типы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>With the invention of moving pictures, the creators sought to supplement them with sound. Even before the invention of cinemat, E. Reynaud in the optical theatre gave performances in which moving images were combined with sound. It was pre-cinema experience, which represented the theatre model of audiovisual show. The attempts to synchronize the dynamic images and sound were taken by T. Edison, S. Meshes, L. Gaumont, O. Kellum, E.Tigerstedt, J. Engel, G. Phocht and J. Massol. However, the systems suggested by these inventors were not perfect. An important step towards creation of a sound film was the appearance of the optical sound recording system Phonofilm designed by Lee de Forest. In 1923, he became acquainted with Brothers Fleischer, outstanding American animators. Together with H. Riesenfeld and E. Fadiman they organized Red Seal Pictures Corporation and began to shoot Ko-Ko Song Car-Tunes, which consisted of a series of animated shots Sing-alongs (featuring the famous «bouncing ball»). It was a kind of multimedia shots, as there was no plot, no character and no narrative structure. They were created basing on popular songs, but did not illustrate them. The Sing-alongs shots were produced for the audience to sing their favorite songs before the session, while reading the text of the songs from the screen. The animated ball bouncing on the syllables helped them to follow the rhythm of the melody. These films became the prototype of the modern karaoke and music animated shows. The series were released from May 1924 till September 1927. The Fleshers created more than 45 shots, more than 19 of which using the Phonofilm. The first sound animated shots where the images were synchronized with the sound and recorded on the same media, were released in 1925. The film Come to Travel on My Airship was the first where the speech was heard, and in the shot My Old House in Kentucky the Fleischers managed to synchronize the speech with the facial expressions of cartoon characters as they were speaking. When the animating and shooting technology changed, the film structure underwent changes too. Detailed animation parts with the story content appeared. The text animation became variable as well. Since the 1930s, the shots have included scenes with singers and jazz-bands. The animated film series Ko-Ko Song Car-Tunes shot by the Brothers Fleischer established the principle of movement and sound synchronism in the animation. They not only out paced the sound films by P. Terry and W. Disney, which were considered to be the first sound animation films for a long time, but also proved that the sound animation had been possible and the thirty-year era of the silent animation came to an end.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ранняя звуковая анимация</kwd><kwd>фильмы песенного жанра</kwd><kwd>звукозаписывающие системы</kwd><kwd>братья Флейшеры</kwd><kwd>Ли де Форест</kwd><kwd>early sound animation</kwd><kwd>song genre</kwd><kwd>recording systems</kwd><kwd>the Fleischer Brothers</kwd><kwd>Lee de Forest</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bradley E.M. The First Hollywood Sound Shorts, 1926-1931. - McFarland, Jefferson, North Carolina. - London, 2005. - 560 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bradley E.M. 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